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Growth
Prenatal and postnatal growth deficiency_
Decreased adipose tissue
Performance
Mental retardation _
Developmental delay
Fine-motor dysfunction
Infant irritability, _ child hyperactivity, and poor attention span
Speech problems
Poor coordination, hypotonia
Cognitive, behavioral, and psychosocial problems
Craniofacial
Microcephaly _
Short palpebral fissures _
Ptosis §
Retrognathia in infancy _
Maxillary hypoplasia
Hypoplastic long or smooth philtrum _
Thin vermillion of upper lip _
Short upturned nose
Micrognathia in adolescence
Skeletal
Joint alterations including camptodactyly, flexion contractures at elbows, congenital hip dislocations
Foot position defects
Radioulnar synostosis
Tapering terminal phalanges, hypoplastic finger and toe nails
Cervical spine abnormalities
Altered palm crease pattern §
Pectus excavatum §
Cardiac
Ventricular septal defect !
Atrial septal defect §
Tetralogy of Fallot, great vessel anomalies !
Other
Cleft lip and/or cleft palate !
Myopia, ! strabismus §
Epicanthal folds §
Dental malocclusion
Hearing loss, protuberant ears
Abnormal thoracic cage
Strawberry hemangiomata §
Hypoplastic labia majora §
Microophthalmia, blepharophimosis !
Small teeth with faulty enamel !
Hypospadias, small rotated kidneys, hydronephrosis !
Hirsutism in infancy !
Hernias of diaphragm, umbilicus or groin, diastasis recti !
* From Streissguth, Clarren and Smith, and Jones. Principal (_,) and associated (§,!)
features observed in 245 affected individuals. _>80%; >50%; § 26% to 50%; ! 1% to
25% of patients.
Alcohol Related Birth Defects and International Adoption
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