Many children who are adopted from abroad are failing to thrive and developmentally delayed when they arrive in their new homes. [Miller et al 1995h] In the orphanage children move into a survival mode and cannot grow; they struggle to survive and they literally fall off their growth curves (see growth curve). When this author visited Siret, Romania in November 1997, sixteen children ranging in age from 3 * to 17 years were examined. The mean age was 12 years; there were 7 girls and 9 boys. Seven (44 percent) children were microcephalic (head circumference